โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Selenium
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะกะตะปะตะฝ
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ็ก’
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Selenium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Sélénium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Selen
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ืกืœื ื™ื•ื
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Selenio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ใ‚ปใƒฌใƒณ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Selênio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Selenio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Selen
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะกะตะปะตะฝ

Selenium - 34Se: properties of free atoms

Selenium atoms have 34 electrons and the shell structure is  2.8.18.6.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral selenium is  [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p4 and the term symbol is  3P2.

Kossel shell structure of selenium
Schematic electronic configuration of selenium.
Kossel shell structure of selenium
The Kossel shell structure of selenium.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of selenium.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of selenium is 195.0 kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of selenium are given below.

Ionisation energies of selenium
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st940.96
2nd2045.1
3rd3058.3
4th4143.8
5th6589.9
6th7895
7th14990
8th17750
9th21130
10th24600
11th28080
12th33080 (calculated)
13th36950
14th41100
15th45640
16th49880
17th62760
18th66900
19th71380
20th77000
21st81610
Ionisation energies of selenium
Ionisation energies of selenium.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for selenium
1s33.2622  
2s24.89 2p30.07  
3s19.40 3p18.71 3d18.48  
4s9.76 4p8.29 4d(no data) 4f(no data)
5s(no data) 5p(no data) 5d(no data)  
6s(no data) 6p(no data)  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for selenium. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]
K 1s12658 [1]
L I2s1652 [2, values derived from reference 1]
L II2p1/21474.3 [2, values derived from reference 1]
L III2p3/21433.9 [2, values derived from reference 1]
M I3s229.6 [2]
M II3p1/2166.5 [2]
M III3p3/2160.7 [2]
M IV3d3/255.5 [2]
M V3d5/254.6 [2]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.