โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Fermium
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะคะตั€ะผั–ะน
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ้จ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Fermium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Fermium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Fermium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ืคืจืžื™ื•ื
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Fermio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซใƒŸใ‚ฆใƒ 
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Férmio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Fermio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Fermium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะคะตั€ะผะธะน

Fermium - 100Fm: properties of free atoms

Fermium atoms have 100 electrons and the shell structure is  2.8.18.32.30.8.2.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral fermium is  [Rn].5f12.7s2 and the term symbol is  3H6.

Kossel shell structure of fermium
Schematic electronic configuration of fermium.
Kossel shell structure of fermium
The Kossel shell structure of fermium.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of fermium.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of fermium is (no data) kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of fermium are given below.

Ionisation energies of fermium
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st627 (inferred)
2nd1200
3rd2240
4th3790
5th5310
6th7140
7th8970
8th11600
9th13100
10th15600
11th17800
12th20200 (calculated)
13th22900
14th24800
15th26600
16th28900
17th31500
18th33900
19th36400
20th38800
21st41500
Ionisation energies of fermium
Ionisation energies of fermium.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for fermium
1s(no data)  
2s(no data) 2p(no data)  
3s(no data) 3p(no data) 3d(no data)  
4s(no data) 4p(no data) 4d(no data) 4f(no data)
5s(no data) 5p(no data) 5d(no data)  
6s(no data) 6p(no data)  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for fermium. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.