โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Bohrium
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะ‘ะพั€ั–ะน
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๐จจ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Bohrium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Bohrium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Bohrium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ื‘ื•ื”ืจื™ื•ื
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Bohrio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ใƒœใƒผใƒชใ‚ฆใƒ 
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Bóhrio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Bohrio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Bohrium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะ‘ะพั€ะธะน

Bohrium - 107Bh: properties of free atoms

Bohrium atoms have 107 electrons and the shell structure is  2.8.18.32.32.13.2.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral bohrium is  [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2 (a guess based upon that of rhenium) and the term symbol is  6S5/2 (a guess based upon guessed electronic structure).

Kossel shell structure of bohrium
Schematic electronic configuration of bohrium.
Kossel shell structure of bohrium
The Kossel shell structure of bohrium.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of bohrium.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of bohrium is (no data) kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of bohrium are given below.

Ionisation energies of bohrium
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st743 (inferred)
2nd1690
3rd2580
4th3600
5th4730
6th5990
7th7230
8th12900
9th14300
10th17200
11th19100
12th22000 (calculated)
13th24600
14th27100
15th30700
16th32500
17th36100
Ionisation energies of bohrium
Ionisation energies of bohrium.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for bohrium
1s(no data)  
2s(no data) 2p(no data)  
3s(no data) 3p(no data) 3d(no data)  
4s(no data) 4p(no data) 4d(no data) 4f(no data)
5s(no data) 5p(no data) 5d(no data)  
6s(no data) 6p(no data)  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for bohrium. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.