โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Iridium
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Iั€ะธะดั–ะน
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ้Šฅ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Iridium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Iridium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Iridium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ืื™ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ื
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Iridio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ใ‚คใƒชใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ 
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Irídio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Iridio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Iridium
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะ˜ั€ะธะดะธะน

Iridium - 77Ir: properties of free atoms

Iridium atoms have 77 electrons and the shell structure is  2.8.18.32.15.2.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral iridium is  [Xe].4f14.5d7.6s2 and the term symbol is  4F9/2.

Kossel shell structure of iridium
Schematic electronic configuration of iridium.
Kossel shell structure of iridium
The Kossel shell structure of iridium.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of iridium.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of iridium is 151.0 kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of iridium are given below.

Ionisation energies of iridium
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st865.19
2nd1640
3rd2700
4th3860
5th5500
6th6950
7th8590
8th10100
9th11800
10th18800
11th20900
12th23200 (calculated)
13th25500
14th29200
15th31700
16th34300
17th39300
18th42900
19th45500
20th49200
21st54000
Ionisation energies of iridium
Ionisation energies of iridium.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for iridium
1s75.51  
2s56.89 2p72.54  
3s54.20 3p55.07 3d63.49  
4s42.85 4p41.91 4d39.74 4f38.34
5s25.85 5p23.66 5d18.70  
6s10.57 6p(no data)  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for iridium. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]
K 1s76111 [1]
L I2s13419 [1]
L II2p1/212824 [1]
L III2p3/211215 [1]
M I3s3174 [1]
M II3p1/22909 [1]
M III3p3/22551 [1]
M IV3d3/22116 [1]
M V3d5/22040 [1]
N I4s691.1 [3]
N II4p1/2577.8 [3]
N III4p3/2495.8 [3]
N IV4d3/2311.9 [3]
N V4d5/2296.3 [3]
N VI4f5/263.8 [3]
N VII4f7/260.8 [3]
O I5s95.2 [2, values derived from reference 1]
O II5p1/263 [2, values derived from reference 1]
O III5p3/248 [3]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.