โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Gold
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะ—ะพะปะพั‚ะพ
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ้‡‘
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Goud
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Or
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Gold
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ื–ื”ื‘
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Oro
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ้‡‘
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Ouro
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Oro
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Guld
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะ—ะพะปะพั‚ะพ

Gold - 79Au: isotope data

Gold is monoisotopic consisting completely of 197Au. However there are a number of radioisotopes, some of which are listed.

The gold isotope 198Au is used for treating cancer and other conditions. In the form of a gold colloid, 198Au has a diagnostic use for liver imaging and a therapeutic use in treatment of widespread abdominal carcinomatosis with ascites; carcinomatosis of pleura with effusion; lymphomas; interstitially in metastatic tumour. While there is a certain risk from the β-decay of 198Au the calculation is that the benefits outweight the risks.

Naturally occurring isotopes

This table shows information about naturally occuring isotopes, their atomic masses, their natural abundances, their nuclear spins, and their magnetic moments. Further data for radioisotopes (radioactive isotopes) of gold are listed (including any which occur naturally) below.
Isotope Mass / Da Natural abundance (atom %) Nuclear spin (I) Magnetic moment (μ/μN)
197Au 196.966543 (4) 100 3/2 0.148159
Isotope abundances of gold
Isotope abundances of gold. In the above, the most intense ion is set to 100% since this corresponds best to the output from a mass spectrometer. This is not to be confused with the relative percentage isotope abundances which totals 100% for all the naturally occurring isotopes.

Radiosotope data

Further data for naturally occuring isotopes of gold are listed above. This table gives information about some radiosotopes of gold, their masses, their half-lives, their modes of decay, their nuclear spins, and their nuclear magnetic moments.
Isotope Mass / Da Half-life Mode of decay Nuclear spin Nuclear magnetic moment
194Au 193.96534 1.64 d EC to 194Pt 1 0.075
195Au 194.965017 186.12 d EC to 195Pt 3/2 0.149
196Au 196.966551 6.18 d EC to 196Pt; β- to 196Hg 2 0.591
198Au 197.968225 2.694 d β- to 198Hg 2 0.5934
199Au 198.968748 3.14 d β- to 199Hg 3/2 0.2715

References

  1. Naturally occurring isotope abundances: Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances report for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1989, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1998, 70, 217. [Copyright 1998 IUPAC]
  2. For further information about radioisotopes see Jonghwa Chang's (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Table of the Nuclides
  3. Masses, nuclear spins, and magnetic moments: I. Mills, T. Cvitas, K. Homann, N. Kallay, and K. Kuchitsu in Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1988. [Copyright 1988 IUPAC]

NMR Properties of gold

Common reference compound: no defined reference.

Table of NMR-active nucleus propeties of gold
  Isotope 1 Isotope 2 Isotope 3
Isotope 197Au
Natural abundance /% 100
Spin (I) 3/2
Frequency relative to 1H = 100 (MHz) 1.754000
Receptivity, DP, relative to 1H = 1.00 0.0000277
Receptivity, DC, relative to 13C = 1.00 0.158
Magnetogyric ratio, γ (107 rad T‑1 s-1) 0.473060
Magnetic moment, μ (μN) 0.191271
Nuclear quadrupole moment, Q/millibarn 547(16)
Line width factor, 1056 l (m4) 0.29

References

  1. R.K. Harris in Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, D.M. Granty and R.K. Harris, (eds.), vol. 5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 1996. I am grateful to Professor Robin Harris (University of Durham, UK) who provided much of the NMR data, which are copyright 1996 IUPAC, adapted from his contribution contained within this reference.
  2. J. Mason in Multinuclear NMR, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1987. Where given, data for certain radioactive nuclei are from this reference.
  3. P. Pyykkö, Mol. Phys., 2008, 106, 1965-1974.
  4. P. Pyykkö, Mol. Phys., 2001, 99, 1617-1629.
  5. P. Pyykkö, Z. Naturforsch., 1992, 47a, 189. I am grateful to Professor Pekka Pyykkö (University of Helsinki, Finland) who provided the nuclear quadrupole moment data in this and the following two references.
  6. D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  7. P. Pyykkö, personal communication, 1998, 204, 2008, 2010.