โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Hydrogen
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะ’ะพะดะตะฝัŒ
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๆฐซ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Waterstof
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Hydrogène
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Wasserstoff
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ืžื™ืžืŸ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Idrogeno
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ๆฐด็ด 
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Hidrogênio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Hidrógeno
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Väte
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะ’ะพะดะพั€ะพะด

Hydrogen - 1H: isotope data

The Hydrogen isotope H-2, also known as deuterium, is used in a variety of applications. Deuterium is used extensively in organic chemistry in order to study chemical reactions. It is also used in vitamin research. Deuterium in the form of H2O, known as heavy water, is used as a moderator in CANDU nuclear reactors, in NMR studies and in studies into human metabolism. Heavy water is also applied in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory where it is used to study the behavior of neutrinos.

Naturally occurring isotopes

This table shows information about naturally occuring isotopes, their atomic masses, their natural abundances, their nuclear spins, and their magnetic moments. Further data for radioisotopes (radioactive isotopes) of hydrogen are listed (including any which occur naturally) below.
Isotope Mass / Da Natural abundance (atom %) Nuclear spin (I) Magnetic moment (μ/μN)
1H 1.007825032 1(4) 99.9885 (70) 112 2.7928456
2H 2.014101778 0(4) 0.0115 (70) 0.8574376
Isotope abundances of hydrogen
Isotope abundances of hydrogen. In the above, the most intense ion is set to 100% since this corresponds best to the output from a mass spectrometer. This is not to be confused with the relative percentage isotope abundances which totals 100% for all the naturally occurring isotopes.

Radiosotope data

Further data for naturally occuring isotopes of hydrogen are listed above. This table gives information about some radiosotopes of hydrogen, their masses, their half-lives, their modes of decay, their nuclear spins, and their nuclear magnetic moments.
Isotope Mass / Da Half-life Mode of decay Nuclear spin Nuclear magnetic moment
3H 3.0160492675(11) 12.33 y β- to 3He 1/2 2.978960

References

  1. Naturally occurring isotope abundances: Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances report for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1989, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1998, 70, 217. [Copyright 1998 IUPAC]
  2. For further information about radioisotopes see Jonghwa Chang's (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Table of the Nuclides
  3. Masses, nuclear spins, and magnetic moments: I. Mills, T. Cvitas, K. Homann, N. Kallay, and K. Kuchitsu in Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1988. [Copyright 1988 IUPAC]

NMR Properties of hydrogen

Common reference compound: Si(CH3)4/CDCl3 (1%) for 1H, Si(C2H3)4 (neat) for 2H, and Si(CH3)3(CH23H)/C6D6 for 3H.

Table of NMR-active nucleus propeties of hydrogen
  Isotope 1 Isotope 2 Isotope 3
Isotope 1H 2H 3H
Natural abundance /% 99.9885 0.0115 0
Spin (I) 1/2 1 1/2
Frequency relative to 1H = 100 (MHz) 100.000000 15.350609 106.663974
Receptivity, DP, relative to 1H = 1.00 1.000 0.00000111 -
Receptivity, DC, relative to 13C = 1.00 5870 0.00652 -
Magnetogyric ratio, γ (107 rad T‑1 s-1) 26.7522128 4.10662791 28.5349779
Magnetic moment, μ (μN) 4.837353570 1.21260077 5.159714367
Nuclear quadrupole moment, Q/millibarn - 2.860(15) -
Line width factor, 1056 l (m4) - 0.41 -

References

  1. R.K. Harris in Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, D.M. Granty and R.K. Harris, (eds.), vol. 5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 1996. I am grateful to Professor Robin Harris (University of Durham, UK) who provided much of the NMR data, which are copyright 1996 IUPAC, adapted from his contribution contained within this reference.
  2. J. Mason in Multinuclear NMR, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1987. Where given, data for certain radioactive nuclei are from this reference.
  3. P. Pyykkö, Mol. Phys., 2008, 106, 1965-1974.
  4. P. Pyykkö, Mol. Phys., 2001, 99, 1617-1629.
  5. P. Pyykkö, Z. Naturforsch., 1992, 47a, 189. I am grateful to Professor Pekka Pyykkö (University of Helsinki, Finland) who provided the nuclear quadrupole moment data in this and the following two references.
  6. D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  7. P. Pyykkö, personal communication, 1998, 204, 2008, 2010.