Ionization energy: 4th

The 4th ionization energy of the element M is a measure of the energy required to remove one electron from one mole of the gaseous ion M³⁺

Units

kJ mol^-1

Notes

None

For access to other ionisation enrgies, select from:

• Ionisation energy definition
• 1st ionisation energies
• 2nd ionisation energies
• 3rd ionisation energies
• 4th ionisation energies
• 5th ionisation energies
• 6th ionisation energies
• 7th ionisation energies
• 8th ionisation energies
• 9th ionisation energies
• 10th ionisation energies
• 11th ionisation energies
• 12th ionisation energies
• 13th ionisation energies
• 14th ionisation energies
• 15th ionisation energies
• 16th ionisation energies
• 17th ionisation energies
• 18th ionisation energies
• 19th ionisation energies
• 20th ionisation energies
• 21st ionisation energies

Literature sources

1. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
2. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
3. J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
4. A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, and NIST ASD Team (2018). NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.5.6), [Online]. Available: https://physics.nist.gov/asd [Accessed 10 March 2018]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.